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version 1522, Thu Dec 4 18:02:06 2003 UTC version 1759, Tue Jun 22 18:56:41 2004 UTC
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 Fixes and Enhancements since Version 0.5 alpha 2  Fixes and Enhancements since Version 0.5 alpha 3
   
  Changed, Enhanced, or Newly Deprecated Features   - The 'config.iterParents' API is now moved to 'binding.iterParents', and all
      'binding' functions that walk the component hierarchy use it.  It has also
      been changed to avoid infinite loops in the case of a pathological
      component structure.
   
    - The 'persistence' package has been moved to 'peak.persistence' to avoid
      conflicts with ZODB3 and the latest version of Zope 3.  It will eventually
      be phased out, but for now this move is the simplest way to get it out of
      the way.
   
    - The 'peak.util.SOX' module now uses only one parser, based directly on
      'expat', instead of using SAX.  The new parser expects a new node interface,
      'IXMLBuilder', but adapters from the previous interfaces ('ISOXNode' and
      'ISOXNode_NS') are supplied for backward compatibility.  All of PEAK's
      direct XML handling (currently just 'peak.storage.xmi' and
      'peak.web.templates') have been refactored to use the new interface.  Some
      parsing classes (such as 'ObjectMakingHandler', 'NSHandler', and
      'DOMletParser') are no longer available.
   
    - 'peak.web' no longer uses Zope X3 for HTTP publishing support; it has been
      refactored to use a "simpler, more uniform architecture":http://www.eby-sarna.com/pipermail/peak/2004-May/001462.html
      See also "more on the architecture":http://www.eby-sarna.com/pipermail/peak/2004-June/001482.html
      and subsequent posts in that thread.
   
      As a consequence, "various features have been removed":http://www.eby-sarna.com/pipermail/peak/2004-June/001500.html
      from 'peak.web', for possible return at a future date.  Here is a rough
      outline of the changes made so far:
   
       * The 'pageProtocol', 'pathProtocol', and 'errorProtocol' machinery are
         gone.  They will be replaced in the future with an explicit "controller"
         wrapping mechanism to allow application-specific renderings of the same
         underlying components.
   
       * The Zope 'request' and 'response' objects are gone, along with all of
         their special handling for cookies, character sets, form variables,
         automatically marshalling parameters to functions, etc.  These items of
         functionality will be gradually replaced by functions in 'peak.web.api'.
   
         As a result of this, arbitrary functions and methods can no longer be
         used as web pages; instead, functions and methods to be published must
         use the same inputs and outputs as the 'IHTTPHandler.handle_http()'
         method.
   
       * The 'IWebPage', 'IWebInteraction', 'ITraversalContext', 'Traversal',
         'TraversalContext', and 'Interaction' interfaces and classes no longer
         exist, as they are unneeded in the new architecture.  Instead of
         having a central 'IWebInteraction' that's referenced by numerous
         'ITraversalContext' objects, the new approach uses an 'environ' mapping
         for most functions.  For access control, a 'security.IInteraction' is
         now used, whose function is limited to security checks.  Most
         functions previously performed by 'IWebInteraction' have moved to
         'IInteractionPolicy' or to 'peak.web.api' functions operating on
         'environ' mappings.
   
       * Web exceptions can define a 'levelName' attribute that determines the
         severity level with which the exception will be logged.  This allows
         one to e.g. avoid logging tracebacks for 'NotFound' errors.
   
       * Various interface calling signatures have changed slightly.  For example,
         'IAuthService.getUser()' now accepts an 'environ' mapping instead of
         an interaction.  'IInteractionPolicy.newInteraction()' now takes keyword
         arguments, but not a 'request'.  The 'IWebTraversable' interface no longer
         has a 'getObject()' method, and the 'IWebException.handleException()'
         method signature has changed as well.  Finally, all methods that
         previously accepted 'ITraversalContext' (such as
         'IDOMletState.renderFor()') now expect 'environ' mappings.
   
       * 'web.TestInteraction' was replaced with 'web.TestPolicy', and
         'web.Interaction' was removed, since 'IWebInteraction' is no longer part
         of the architecture.
   
    - The 'log()' method of PEAK loggers ('logs.ILogger') now accepts a level name
      *or* a number, for convenient invocation.
   
    - SQL transaction semantics have changed.  Now, issuing an SQL statement
      *always* causes the connection to join the active PEAK transaction, even if
      you request that the SQL be issued "outside" a transaction.  Such SQL will
      be issued outside of the *database* transaction, but not outside of the
      PEAK transaction.  This simplifies the overall processing model for dealing
      with "untransacted" SQL such as Sybase DDL or read-only Oracle transactions.
      (In particular, the requirement that triggered this change was to allow
      Oracle read-only transactions to be released at the end of the current PEAK
      transaction.)  Also, got rid of the now-meaningless 'begin' command in n2.
   
    - The 'events.IEventSource' interface now returns a 'canceller' function from
      the 'addCallback()' method, allowing you to cancel a previously-scheduled
      callback.  This fixes a memory leak and performance problem with
      'events.AnyOf()', which previously could accumulate unneeded callbacks on
      the sources it was monitoring.  Note that if you have developed any custom
      event sources with 'addCallback()' methods, you must make sure that they
      return a canceller from now on.
   
    - Added 'ref:factory@addr1||addr2' URL scheme that maps to a corresponding
      'naming.Reference("factory",["addr1","addr2"])'.  'factory' can be either a
      dotted import string referencing a 'naming.IObjectFactory', or you can
      define a factory in the 'peak.naming.factories' property space.
   
    - Added a 'zconfig.schema' factory, so that 'ref:zconfig.schema@streamURL'
      will load a schema loader.  Schema loaders are themselves object factories,
      so you can do something like:
   
        [Named Services]
        peak.naming.factories.myschema = \
            naming.LinkRef('ref:zconfig.schema@pkgfile:mypkg/Schema.xml')
   
      in order to make URLs like 'ref:myschema@filename' work.  Note, by the way,
      that the above could also read:
   
        [Named Services]
        peak.naming.factories.myschema = \
            naming.Reference('zconfig.schema',['pkgfile:mypkg/Schema.xml'])
   
      which runs somewhat faster at lookup time.  Similarly, one can also use
      'naming.Reference("myschema",["somefile"])' in place of a
      'naming.LinkRef("ref:myschema@filename")'.  As well as being faster, for
      some use cases it's easier to 'Reference' directly than to glue together
      a 'ref:' URL string.
   
  - 'peak.running.tools' was promoted to 'peak.tools'.  'peak.running.supervisor'  
    was also moved to 'peak.tools.supervisor', and a new 'peak help' command was  
    added in 'peak.tools.api_help'.  
   
  - Replaced the "[Provide Utilities]" section of .ini files with "[Component  
    Factories]".  The new section type is easier to use, much more versatile,  
    and does all registration and imports lazily.  See the 'peak.ini' file for  
    docs.  "[Provide Utilities]" and 'config.ProvideInstance()' are now  
    DEPRECATED, so please convert ASAP.  
   
  - 'binding.Make()' now accepts configuration keys, using them to look up a  
    factory object that's then invoked to create the attribute.  This makes it  
    a lot easier to define a component with its own transaction service,  
    'IBasicReactor', or other normally "global" component.  It also makes it  
    easier to globally specify a factory class for some interface.  Factories  
    are looked up under the 'config.FactoryFor(key)' configuration key.  (See  
    below.)  
   
  - Added 'config.FactoryFor(key)', a 'config.IConfigKey' implementation that  
    provides a configuration namespace for factories.  
   
    When you use 'binding.Make(ISomething)', it's roughly equivalent to::  
   
         binding.Make(  
             lambda self,d,a:  
                 binding.lookupComponent(  
                     self, config.FactoryFor(ISomething),  
                     adaptTo = binding.IRecipe  
                 )(self,d,a)  
         )  
   
    That is, the 'config.FactoryFor(ISomething)' is looked up and invoked.  
   
  - Added 'config.CreateViaFactory(key)', a 'config.IRule' implementation that  
    creates an implementation of 'key', by looking up 'config.FactoryFor(key)'  
    and invoking it.  
   
  - Added 'config.ruleForExpr(name,expr)', that returns a 'config.IRule' that  
    computes the Python expression in the string 'expr'.  This is the mechanism  
    used by configuration files to create rules, factored out into an API call  
    so that configuration extensions can use it, too.  
   
  - The 'referencedType' of a 'model.StructuralFeature' can now be any  
    'binding.IComponentKey', not just a type or a string.  Types are also now  
    implicitly component keys, which means you can use 'binding.Obtain(SomeType)'  
    to look up 'SomeType'.  (Right now, this is no different than using 'SomeType'  
    without the 'binding.Obtain()', but in future releases this will use a  
    "class replacement service" to allow easy replacement of model and other  
    collaborator classes, while implementing AOP-like features.)  
   
  - Added 'naming.Indirect(key)', a 'binding.IComponentKey' that can be used to  
    do an indirect lookup via another 'IComponentKey' (such as a name).  
   
    Using 'naming.Indirect()', you can replace code like this::  
   
         socket = binding.Obtain(  
             lambda self: self.lookupComponent(self.socketURL),  
             adaptTo=[IListeningSocket]  
         )  
   
    with code like this::  
   
         socket = binding.Obtain(  
             naming.Indirect('socketURL'), adaptTo=[IListeningSocket]  
         )  
   
  - Added 'peak.tools.supervisor', a mini-framework for pre-forking,  
    multiprocess servers, such as for FastCGI.  The framework includes a ZConfig  
    schema for process supervisors, and support for automatically forking new  
    children (up to a predefined maximum, with a minimum interval between  
    launches) when a socket has pending connections and all of its child  
    processes are busy.  With this setup, you can take more advantage of  
    multiprocessor machines for CPU-intensive services.  
   
  - Standardized these characteristics of name and address syntax:  
   
    * '//' at the beginning of URL bodies is *mandatory* when the URL begins  
      with an "authority" as described by RFC 2396.  When the URL is not  
      required to contain an authority (e.g. 'peak.storage.SQL.GenericSQL_URL'),  
      the '//' is *optional*, and the canonical form of the URL will not include  
      it.  
   
    * Standardized names for RFC 2396 fields: 'user', 'passwd', 'host', and  
      'port'.  
   
  - Added 'peak.metamodels.ASDL', a metamodel for the Zephyr Abstract Syntax  
    Description Language.  ASDL is a convenient way to describe a domain model  
    for an abstract syntax tree (AST), and the models generated with the new  
    ASDL tool can be combined with concrete syntax to create a complete parsing  
    solution for "mini languages", possibly including the Python language  
    itself.  (Future versions of the Python and Jython compilers are likely to  
    use AST models based on ASDL, and in the current Python CVS sandbox there's  
    already an ASDL model of Python's AST available.)  
   
  - Enhanced 'fmtparse' and 'peak.model' to allow using types as syntax rules  
    for parsing, including abstract types.  An abstract type's syntax is the  
    union (using 'fmtparse.Alternatives') of the syntaxes of its subclasses  
    (as specified by 'mdl_subclassNames').  
   
  - Added 'IMainLoop.setExitCode()' and 'IMainLoop.childForked()' methods, to  
    allow reactor-driven components to control the mainloop's exit code.  
   
  - DEPRECATED 'peak.util.signal_stack'.  Instead, bind to a  
    'running.ISignalManager' and use its 'addHandler()/removeHandler()' methods.  
    This has the same effect as 'pushSignals()' and 'popSignals()', except that  
    you do not have to remove handlers in the same order as you add them, and  
    *all* active handlers are invoked for a given signal that they handle.  
   
  - Added 'IBasicReactor.crash()', which forces an immediate reactor loop exit,  
    ignoring pending scheduled calls.  
   
  - Added 'peak.running.commands.runMain()', a convenience function for starting  
    an application's "main" command, that also makes it easy for forked child  
    processes to exit and replace the parent process' "main".  The 'peak' script  
    has now been shortened to::  
   
        from peak.running import commands  
        commands.runMain( commands.Bootstrap )  
   
    so it's now much easier to create alternative startup scripts, if you need  
    to, or to add an 'if __name__=="__main__"' clause to a module.  
   
  - Added 'peak.util.mockdb', a "mock object" implementation of a DBAPI 2.0  
    driver module.  'mockdb' connections can be told to 'expect()' queries  
    and 'provide()' data to their callers, and will raise AssertionErrors when  
    they are used in a way that doesn't conform to your supplied expectations.  
    This is intended to be used for unit testing components that depend on  
    a database connection: you can verify that they send the right SQL, and  
    you can provide them with dummy data to use.  There is also a 'mockdb:' URL  
    and peak.storage driver, so you can easily use a mock DB connection in place  
    of a real one within a PEAK application, for testing purposes.  Note,  
    however, that 'peak.util.mockdb' is a DBAPI 2.0 driver in itself, and thus  
    can also be used to test DBAPI usage outside of PEAK.  
   
  - SQL connection objects now provide an 'appConfig' attribute that is a  
    driver-specific 'config.Namespace()'.  This allows you to easily set up  
    configuration properties that are driver-specific.  For example, you could  
    use properties to configure driver-specific SQL snippets, then access them  
    via the connection's 'appConfig' namespace.  The namespaces are of the form  
    'DRIVER.appConfig', where 'DRIVER' is the name of the DBAPI module for that  
    connection type (e.g. 'pgdb', 'cx_Oracle', etc.).  
   
  - Added 'config.Namespace()' convenience class for redirecting property  
    lookups from one namespace to another.  See the docstring and 'peak.ini' for  
    usage examples.  'PropertyName.of()' now returns 'Namespace' instances  
    instead of 'PropertySet' instances.  
   
  - DEPRECATED the 'config.PropertySet' class; please convert to using  
    'config.Namespace', as it will disappear in the 0.5alpha4 release cycle.  
   
  - SQL connection objects now get their type converters from a distinct  
    property namespace for each DBAPI driver.  For example a driver using the  
    'cx_Oracle' module will get its type converters from the  
    'cx_Oracle.sql_types' property namespace, instead of 'peak.sql_types'.  For  
    backward compatibility, these driver-specific namespaces are set up to  
    fall back to 'peak.sql_types' for their defaults.  Type converter  
    construction has also been improved, to eliminate conversion overhead  
    completely when no conversions are required for a specific query.  Also,  
    SQL connections now offer a method that will create a row conversion  
    function for a given result description and optional postprocessing  
    function.  This new method should now be used in place of direct access to  
    the 'typeMap' attribute of connection objects.  
   
  - Added 'binding.Require', 'binding.Obtain', 'binding.Make', and  
    'binding.Delegate'.  *ALL* other binding types are now DEPRECATED, and will  
    go away before 0.5 beta is released:  
   
    'requireBinding("info")' -- use 'Require("info")'  
   
    'delegateTo("attr")' -- use 'Delegate("attr")'  
   
    'New(type)' -- use 'Make(type)'  
   
    'New("module.type")' -- use 'Make("module.type")'  
   
    'bindTo(key)' -- use 'Obtain(key)'  
   
    'Constant(value)' -- use 'Make(lambda: value)'  
   
    'Acquire(key)' -- use 'Obtain(key, offerAs=[key,])'  
   
    'Copy(value)' -- use 'Make(lambda: <expr to copy value>)'  
   
    'whenAssembled(func)' -- use 'Make(func, uponAssembly=True)'  
   
    'bindSequence(key1,key2,...)' -- use 'Obtain([key1,key,...])'  
   
    'bindToProperty(x,y)' -- use 'Obtain(PropertyName(x),default=y)'  
   
    'bindToParent()' -- use 'Obtain("..")'  
   
    'bindToSelf()'  -- use 'Obtain(".")'  
   
    'bindToUtilities()' -- no replacement; let me know if you're using this.  
   
    Note that 'Make' and 'Obtain' also support sequences of recipes and keys,  
    and in those cases will produce a sequence of the results from those recipes  
    or keys.  Also, 'Make' will accept no-argument and one-argument callables,  
    where 'Once' always required three-argument functions.  This should make it  
    a lot easier to write short binding functions.  
   
    Also, note that the 'activateUponAssembly' keyword is now 'uponAssembly',  
    and 'isVolatile' is now 'noCache'.  (The old names will work as keyword  
    arguments until the alpha 4 development cycle begins.)  The  
    'binding.IActiveDescriptor' interface also changed as a result of this.  
    Last, but not least, a 'binding.IRecipe' interface was added, to support the  
    new 'binding.Make' type.  
   
   
  - Added a 'lockName' attribute to 'runnning.AdaptiveTask', and a 'LockURL'  
    setting to its ZConfig schema.  This allows a lockfile URL to be specified  
    for adaptive tasks that need exclusive access to some resource while  
    running.  
   
  - A list or tuple of 'IComponentKey' instances is now treated as a single  
    component key, that returns a tuple of the values returned by each  
    constituent component key.  This means that 'binding.Obtain()' and  
    'lookupComponent()' can now accept a list or tuple of component keys.  This  
    makes 'bindSequence()' obsolete, so 'bindSequence()' is now DEPRECATED.  
    'binding.bindSequence(key1,key2,...)' can now be replaced with  
    'binding.Obtain([key1,key,...])', and will produce the same results.  
   
  - 'naming.IBasicContext.lookup()' and 'naming.lookup()' now accept a 'default'  
    argument, similar to that used by 'lookupComponent()' and most other  
    lookup-like APIs in PEAK.  This change was made so that component lookups  
    don't need to rely on catching 'exceptions.NameNotFound' errors to tell them  
    when to use the default value.  This could hide 'NameNotFound' errors that  
    were actually from a broken component somewhere in the lookup process.  (In  
    general, it's probably a bad idea to have an exception that's used for both  
    control flow and real errors!)  
   
  - Added new 'version' tool that automatically edits files to update version  
    information in them.  Just execute the 'version' file in the main PEAK  
    source directory.  (Use '--help' for help.)  You can use this tool with your  
    own projects by creating 'version' and 'version.dat' files in your project  
    directory, similar to the ones used by PEAK.  The 'version' file is a ZConfig  
    file that describes your project's version numbering scheme(s), formats,  
    and the files that need to be edited, while the 'version.dat' file contains  
    the current version number values.  Source for the tool, including the  
    configuration file schema, is in the 'peak.tools.version' package.  
    (Error handling and documentation, alas, are still minimal.)  
   
  - Added new 'Alias' command in 'peak.running.commands'.  An 'Alias' instance  
    can be used as a 'peak.running.shortcut' property that expands to another  
    command with arbitrary arguments inserted before the original command's  
    arguments.  Thus, one might alias 'mycommand' to 'runIni somefile --option',  
    similar to command aliases in many shells.  
   
  - 'naming.IName' is now derived from 'binding.IComponentKey', so names and  
    addresses must now support the 'findComponent()' method.  All PEAK name and  
    address types provide support for this.  
   
  - The 'lookup()' method of 'binding.IComponentKey' is now called  
    'findComponent()', to better distinguish it from 'lookup()' in  
    'naming.IBasicContext', which does something very different.  
   
  - 'binding.Obtain()' (formerly 'binding.bindTo()' and 'binding.bindSequence()')  
    now pre-adapt their arguments to 'IComponentKey', to speed lookups at  
    runtime, and to ensure that errors due to an unusable parameter type occur  
    at class creation time instead of waiting until lookup time.  
   
  - There's a new 'peak.storage.files' module, with handy classes like  
    'EditableFile'.  'EditableFile' is a class that lets you edit the contents  
    of a file "in place", with atomic replacement of the original at transaction  
    commit.  If the transaction is aborted, the original file is left unchanged.  
   
  - 'peak.running.scheduler.UntwistedReactor' now supports a configuration  
    property ('peak.running.reactor.checkInterval') to determine how long it  
    should run 'select()' calls for, when there are no scheduled tasks.  
   
  - 'peak.running.scheduler.UntwistedReactor' now supports using a "signal  
    manager" component (via the 'peak.running.signalManager' property) to  
    process signals while a 'run()' loop is in progress.  Signal managers can  
    also be added or removed at any time via the new 'peak.util.signal_stack'  
    module.  
   
  - 'peak.running.commands.AbstractCommand' now offers a '_run()' method that  
    can be overridden in subclasses, instead of 'run()'.  If you override the  
    new '_run()' method instead, you get the advantage of automatic handling  
    for invocation errors and 'SystemExit' exceptions, provided for you by the  
    'run()' method.  
   
  - There is now a 'storage.DMFor(class)' function that returns a configuration  
    key for registering or looking up data managers by class.  You can use the  
    returned key in a binding's 'offerAs' list, or as the target of a 'bindTo()'  
    or 'lookupComponent()'.  The key is constructed using  
    'config.ProviderOf(storage.IDataManager,class)'.  
   
  - You can now register utilities that are keyed by the combination of an  
    interface and one or more classes, using 'config.ProviderOf(iface,*classes)'  
    as a configuration key.  Providers are registered under an '(iface,klass)'  
    tuple for each specified class, and looked up using the MRO order of the  
    class specified for lookup.  In other words, searching for a provider will  
    find a provider for the requested class, or one of its base classes, with  
    precedence given to the more-specific provider.  This is primarily intended  
    for services like data managers and Specialists.  
   
  - It's now possible to extend .ini file parsing with custom section types,  
    and PEAK defines its own built-in section types using this extension  
    mechanism.  Custom section types must include at least one space, (e.g.  
    '[My Section]') or they will be treated as a plain property name.  
    See the 'peak.config.iniFile.sectionParsers' section in 'peak.ini' for  
    more details, along with the 'config.ISettingParser' and 'config.IIniParser'  
    interfaces.  
   
  - When creating a 'PropertyName()', it's now possible to force conversion of  
    invalid characters to '_', using the 'PropertyName.fromString()'  
    constructor.  (Note that the input must be a plain-ASCII string.)  Unless  
    you request that wildcards ('?' and '*') be kept, they will also be  
    converted to '_' characters.  This can be convenient for converting things  
    like filenames or text that might contain spaces, to property names.  
   
  - It's now possible to declare an attribute as offering a wildcard property;  
    such lookups now follow the same rules as other wildcard property lookups.  
    The 'config.IConfigKey' interface has been changed to cleanly support  
    implied keys at both registration and lookup time, so you can implement  
    your own key types that work the way interfaces or property names do for  
    configuration lookups.  
   
  - The 'EigenRegistry' class has been moved from 'peak.util.EigenData' to  
    'peak.config.registries', as it hasn't really been useful outside PEAK for  
    a while now.  
   
  - .ini files now support "smart property" objects ('config.ISmartProperty').  
    If a property rule defined in an .ini file evaluates at runtime to an object  
    that implements 'ISmartProperty', the object will be given a chance to  
    compute a value for the property, in place of being used itself.  This helps  
    to simplify definition of complex property rules in .ini files, by allowing  
    the use of helper classes.  Also, 'naming.LinkRef' and 'naming.Reference'  
    (indirectly) support this interface, so you can now use them in .ini files  
    to refer to an object via the naming system.  (Previously, 'naming.LinkRef'  
    wouldn't do the right thing unless the property was looked up via a  
    'config:' URL, and 'naming.Reference' didn't exist.)  
   
  - 'peak.util.imports.whenImported()' can now be used even when the specified  
    module has already been loaded.  
   
  - The naming system no longer has 'objectFactories' and 'stateFactories' as  
    utilities; they have been replaced with new mechanisms involving adaptation.  
    Previously, addresses had a 'retrieve()' method that could be used to  
    retrieve the object defined by the address.  Now, to retrieve an object for  
    an address, you must either define a context that processes the address, or  
    the address must have a 'defaultFactory' attribute, which provides a name  
    to be imported to get an 'IObjectFactory' that can construct the referenced  
    object.  (This is simpler than it sounds; for URLs that reference  
    ManagedConnections, for example, all you need to do is provide the fully  
    qualified name of the connection class.)  
   
    Meanwhile, writable naming contexts must have a 'serializationProtocol'  
    attribute, specifying what interface an object should be adapted to before  
    attempting to store it in that context.  
   
    The naming system no longer processes the 'creationName' keyword argument;  
    this is now considered the sole responsibility of 'peak.binding'.  The  
    'IComponent.lookupComponent()' method still accepts the keyword argument,  
    and attribute bindings still handle the creation name transparently.  It is  
    just not available via naming system APIs, and naming contexts no longer  
    have to deal with it.  
   
    The naming system base classes no longer use 'attrs' as an input parameter  
    or return value.  If you've subclassed anything from 'peak.naming.contexts',  
    note that your '_get()' methods should now just return the lookup value,  
    rather than a 'state,attrs' tuple.  For most naming contexts, this just  
    means you should change 'return foo, None' statements to just 'return foo'.  
   
  - Property definition rules in an .ini file can now refer to 'rulePrefix' and  
    'ruleSuffix' variables.  'rulePrefix' is a "."-terminated string,  
    representing the name the rule was defined with.  For example, if the  
    rule was defined for '"foo.bar.*"', then 'rulePrefix' will be '"foo.bar."'  
   
    The 'ruleSuffix' will be the portion of the 'propertyName' that follows  
    'rulePrefix'.  So, if looking up property '"foo.bar.baz"', then the  
    '"foo.bar.*"' rule will execute with a 'ruleSuffix' of '"baz"'.  This should  
    make it easier to work with hierarchical property namespaces.  
   
  - Added simple example scripts and small applications in the 'examples'  
    directory.  
   
  - There is a new command-line namespace introspection tool, 'n2', which  
    can be accessed by running 'peak n2'.  Type 'peak n2 -h' for help.  
   
  - The PEAK_CONFIG environment variable can now list multiple files, separated  
    by the platform's 'os.pathsep' (e.g. ':' on Unix, ';' on Windows).  
   
  - It's no longer necessary to provide a '_defaultState()' implementation  
    for an EntityDM: a default implementation is now supplied.  
   
  - Added automatic installation of 'datetime' package for Python < 2.3.  
   
  - CGI support has been moved from 'peak.running.zpublish' into  
    'peak.running.commands' (for "raw" CGI/FastCGI) and 'peak.web' (for the  
    PEAK high-level publishing framework).  You can use 'peak CGI someName' to  
    adapt 'someName' to a 'running.IRerunnableCGI' and run it as a CGI/FastCGI.  
   
  - There is now a 'peak.security' package, available from 'peak.api' as  
    'security'.  It provides permission management functions: you can define  
    abstract permissions by subclassing 'security.Permission', then create  
    permission checking rules by subclassing 'security.RuleSet', and declare  
    the permissions needed to access attributes of a class with  
    'security.allow()'.  The test suite demonstrates a complex application  
    ruleset with dynamic, data-driven permissions.  
   
  - There is now an interface for "Active Descriptors":  
    'binding.IActiveDescriptor'.  'peak.binding' now uses this interface to  
    identify active descriptors, so you can now create your own.  (Previously,  
    'peak.binding' used 'isinstance()' to detect active descriptors.)  
   
  - REMOVED 'naming.ParsedURL'; it was deprecated as of 0.5 alpha 2.  
   
  - The 'provides' keyword argument to various 'peak.binding' APIs has been  
    renamed to 'offerAs', and it must be a sequence of configuration keys.  
    (Previously, it accepted either a single key or a tuple of keys.)  
    The signature of 'binding.Constant()' was changed as well; the first  
    positional argument is now the constant value, and 'offerAs' is now a  
    keyword argument.  (Previously, 'provides' was the first positional argument  
    of 'binding.Constant()'.)  The 'registerProvider()' method of  
    'config.IConfigurable()' also now accepts only a single configuration key,  
    as does 'EigenRegistry.register()'.  
   
    Also, all 'peak.binding' APIs now only accept positional parameters for  
    items unique to that API.  Items common to multiple APIs (such as 'offerAs',  
    'doc', 'attrName', etc.) should now be supplied as keyword arguments.  
   
    Bindings also now automatically "suggest" the containing object as a parent  
    component for the contained object, whenever a value is assigned to them or  
    computed.  If a non-None 'adaptTo' is set on the binding, the value assigned  
    or computed will be adapted to the specified protocol before the parent  
    component is suggested.  'binding.New()' no longer relies on the  
    'IComponentFactory' interface, but instead uses the new adapt/suggest  
    mechanisms.  
   
    Previously, parent components were only "suggested" when a binding was set  
    via component constructor keyword arguments.  Now, this is done at any time  
    bindings are set, but *not* for non-binding keyword arguments.  In other  
    words, ordinary attributes of a component do not receive "suggested parent"  
    notices, even when set via constructor keyword arguments.  If you want an  
    attribute to do this, you must define the attribute with the binding API;  
    e.g. via 'requireBinding()' or 'binding.Constant()'.  If you do *not* want  
    a binding to suggest a parent component, use 'suggestParent=False' in the  
    binding definition.  
   
  Corrected Problems  
   
   - 'peak.running.commands.CGICommand' could become confused on certain BSD  
     variants (such as Mac OS/X), and assume it was running under FastCGI, even  
     if it wasn't.  (Because the operating systems in question use socket pairs  
     to implement pipes.)  
   
   - Fixed some problems with the test suite when running under Python 2.3.  
     PEAK itself worked fine, but the test suite was bitten by two minor  
     semantic changes that took effect in 2.3, resulting in lots of error  
     messages about ModuleType needing a parameter, and a test failure for  
     'checkClassInfo' in the 'FrameInfoTest' test class.  
   
   - Transaction participants that raised an error in their 'abortTransaction()'  
     method, would not receive a 'finishTransaction()' call, the error was  
     passed through to the transaction service's caller, and later participants  
     might not have received an 'abortTransaction()' message either.  
   
   - SQL connections didn't close their cursors before aborting a transaction  
   
   - The logging system would raise an error if a log message with no arguments  
     contained a '%' sign.  
   
   - There was a typo in peak.naming.arithmetic that caused homogeneous non-URL  
     name subtraction to fail.  
   
   - The default reactor supplied in 'peak.running.scheduler' would consume  
     CPU continuously if it was waiting for I/O and no tasks were scheduled.  
   
   - The 'peak.util.imports.whenImported' function didn't work.  
   
   
   
   
 Fixes and Enhancements since Version 0.5 alpha 1  
   
  Changed, Enhanced, or Newly Deprecated Features  
   
  - Added a 'shellcmd:'  URL scheme that returns a function that calls  
    'os.system()' on the body of the URL.  It's intended for use as a command  
    factory, as is needed by the 'URLChecker' periodic task.  
   
  - You can now define adapters from arbitrary types to 'binding.IBindingNode',  
    and thus be able to use them as part of a component hierarchy - without  
    needing to directly add 'getParentComponent()' or 'getComponentName()'  
    methods to them.  
   
  - Added experimental 'invoke.c' script for POSIX-ish platforms with funky  
    '#!' support, or lack thereof.  
   
    'invoke' is designed to be used like this::  
   
      #!/usr/local/bin/invoke peak somearg otherarg...  
   
    This should work on most sane platforms with a long-enough commandline.  
    (See "this page":http://homepages.cwi.nl/~aeb/std/hashexclam-1.html for  
    details on the insanely incompatible ways different Unixes interpret '#!'  
    lines.)  
   
    The script is not currently built or installed by setup.py.  On the  
    platforms it's targeted at, you should be able to build it with::  
   
      gcc -o invoke invoke.c  
   
    (Yes, it really is that simple of a script.)  
   
  - Added a ZConfig schema for 'running.commands.EventDriven' applications,  
    a ZConfig component definition for adaptive tasks, and a running shortcut  
    called 'EventDriven'.  
   
    It should now be possible to do this::  
   
      #!/usr/bin/env peak EventDriven  
   
    at the top of a ZConfig file formatted according to the new schema, and  
    have it run.  There are two periodic tasks that can be configured and  
    run from such a file: 'CleanupFiles' and 'URLChecker'.  'CleanupFiles' will  
    delete files matching a pattern that are older than a certain age, while  
    'URLChecker' will check to see if the target of a naming system URL is  
    up/available/working, and if not, runs a command to restart it.  As an  
    amusing demo, try specifying a 'file:' URL with a 'shellcmd:touch theFile'  
    to recreate the file, then add a 'CleanupFiles' that deletes the file the  
    checker looks for.  This can be hours (well, minutes) of exciting fun as you  
    watch the dueling daemons undoing each others' work.  
   
  - Added 'zconfig.schema' URL scheme that loads an enhanced ZConfig schema  
    object that can act as a command line interpreter using the 'peak' script.  
   
    To use it, run 'peak zconfig.schema:urlToSchema urlOfConfig'.  Or, add  
    a line like this::  
   
      #!/usr/bin/env peak zconfig.schema:pkgfile:some.package/schema.xml  
   
    to the top of a configuration file, and make the configuration file  
    executable.  Note that the schema specified must convert to an object  
    that's usable with the commands bootstrap framework.  Also note that  
    if you have a local PEAK_CONFIG file, you can add a 'peak.running.shortcuts'  
    entry to shorten the URL reference in your #! line.  E.g.::  
   
      #!/usr/bin/env peak mySchema  
   
    will suffice if you have defined 'peak.running.shortcuts.mySchema' as  
    'naming.LinkRef("zconfig.schema:pkgfile:some.package/schema.xml")'.  
   
    There is also a 'peak ZConfig urlOfSchema urlOfConfig' variant, that was  
    added to support putting '#!/usr/bin/env peak ZConfig' at the top of  
    schema files, but unfortunately that's not valid XML.  
   
  - Standardized file-based URL syntaxes (e.g logfiles and lockfiles) to  
    follow RFC 1738/2396, and Python 'urllib'.  This shouldn't affect much  
    besides the canonical forms of the URLs.  Added 'pkgfile:some.pkg/filepath'  
    URL syntax for ease of referring to files near modules.  (A convenience  
    intended mainly for referencing ZConfig schemas.)  
   
  - Added the UML 1.4 metamodel, and thus the ability to load UML 1.4  
    models encoded in XMI 1.1.  
   
  - Added support in the mof2py code generator for "unprefixing" enumerated  
    values, so that UML and other metamodels' enumerations work correctly  
    when loading from XMI.  Also, mof2py no longer emits 'config.setupModule()'  
    calls in generated code, as in practice they are not needed.  
   
  - Running 'peak test' from the command line is roughly equivalent to running  
    'unittest.py', except that the test suite defaults to the PEAK test suite.  
    You can, however run any test suite from the command line with a dotted  
    module/attribute path, e.g 'peak test foo.bar.test_suite'.  
   
  - 'binding.Acquire()' now accepts a 'default' value argument, and  
    'binding.New()' no longer accepts the 'bindToOwner' flag.  
   
  - There is a new 'binding.IComponentKey' interface that is used to implement  
    'IComponent.lookupComponent()'.  Now you can implement this interface,  
    or create an adapter for it, in order to make an object usable as an  
    argument to 'binding.lookupComponent()' - and therefore usable as a key  
    for 'binding.bindTo()' or 'binding.bindToSequence()'.  Not that it's  
    necessarily very useful to do so; you're probably better off simply  
    creating a naming scheme.  But it might be useful for lookups done  
    in the context of classes, since naming schemes aren't usable there.  
    (It was actually added in order to factor out all the type testing that  
    'lookupComponent' used to do, so it doesn't matter if it's useful for  
    much else.)  
   
  - PEAK has been refactored to avoid the use of 'isImplementedBy()' and  
    similar introspection, in favor of 'adapt()'.  As a result, some  
    'peak.naming' interfaces have changed.  This should not affect you  
    if you are only subclassing PEAK-provided naming components and not  
    implementing these interfaces "from scratch".  However, the various  
    'isAddress', 'isAddressClass', 'isResolver', and 'isName' APIs have  
    also been removed, as they were based on 'isImplementedBy()'.  
   
  - REMOVED ability to use '__implements__' and '__class_implements__' to  
    declare support for interfaces.  Use 'protocols.advise()' or a related  
    API to do this now.  The 'protocols' package is available automatically  
    from 'peak.api'.  
   
    Similarly, the ability  to use 'isImplementedBy()' with interfaces declared  
    by PEAK is REMOVED.  You can still use 'isImplementedBy()' with Zope  
    interfaces, of course, but we recommend you switch to 'adapt()', which  
    should work with both PEAK and Zope interfaces.  
   
  - Replaced all use of 'zope.interface' with 'protocols' package because  
    the 'protocols' package:  
   
    * is considerably smaller and simpler than 'zope.interface'  
   
    * produces Interface objects that can be inspected with the Python  
      'pydoc' and 'help()' tools  
   
    * supports and implements the PEP 246 'adapt()' protocol  
   
    * transparently supports transitive adaptation - i.e. if adapter AB  
      adapts from A to B, and adapter BC adapts from B to C, then an adapt(x,C)  
      where 'x' is an 'A', will be implemented as BC(AB(x)).  
   
    * Supports "open protocols" that allow you to "superclass" a protocol  
      to create a subset protocol; objects that support the first protocol  
      will automatically support the subset protocol.  For example, if one  
      person defines a "dictionary" protocol, someone else can create a  
      "read-only dictionary" protocol, and all objects supporting the  
      "dictionary protocol" will be considered to implement the "read-only  
      dictionary" protocol.  
   
    * can interoperate with other interface packages, including Zope's, but  
      does not require them  
   
    * works with module inheritance (for everything but moduleProvides(), and  
      we should get to that by 0.5a2)  
   
    * lets you use Interfaces as abstract base classes (i.e., you can  
      inherit from an interface and turn it into an implementation, and  
      you can define default attribute values or method implementations in  
      your interfaces  
   
    * Lets you mix interface declarations from any number of frameworks and  
      any number of interface types, in a single 'implements()' or  
      'classProvides()'  
   
    * uses adaptation as the fundamental approach to dealing with interfaces,  
      and avoids the use of 'isImplementedBy()'.  In the *rare* case that you  
      need to introspect rather than adapt, you can always call adapt() and  
      check the result.  (But introspection usually means that you're using  
      interfaces as a form of metadata; it's better to create an explicit  
      interface that provides the metadata you seek, and adapt to that  
      interface, than to use interfaces as data.)  
   
    Most of these features are unavailable in 'zope.interface', and some have  
    been declared by the Zope Pope to be unacceptable or undesirable features  
    for Zope interfaces.  (Others may be available in some form in future  
    versions of Zope X3.)  So, we no longer require or distribute  
    'zope.interface'.  
   
  - The signatures of the 'getObjectInstance()', 'getStateToBind()', and  
    'getURLContext()' methods in the 'peak.naming' package have changed, to  
    place the context or parent component as the first, non-optional argument.  
    (If you don't know what these methods are for, you don't need to do anything  
    about this, as they are part of the naming package's extensibility  
    framework.)  
   
  - 'binding.bindTo()' now accepts a 'default=' argument, whose value will be  
    used in case of a 'NameNotFound' error.  
   
  - DEPRECATED 'naming.ParsedURL'.  It will disappear in 0.5 alpha 3 or beta.  
    It is replaced by the new 'naming.URL.Base'.  The 'naming.URL' package  
    provides a new URL parsing framework based on 'peak.model'.  Upgrading from  
    'ParsedURL' to 'URL.Base' is trivial for ParsedURL subclasses that used  
    only the 'scheme' and 'body' fields, and in fact may not require any  
    changes except for the choice of base class.  Also, the 'retrieve()' method  
    of URLs is deprecated; please begin defining the 'getObjectInstance()'  
    method instead.  This is to cut down a bit on the number of ways that the  
    naming package spells the idea of retrieving something!  
   
    For more complex URL classes, the '__init__' methods go away, 'parse'  
    methods change slightly, and explicit field definitions (using  
    'model.structField' or similar) are required.  See PEAK's 'URL.Base'  
    subclasses for examples.  There is also a sophisticated parsing and  
    formatting framework (see the 'peak.naming.URL' and 'peak.util.fmtparse'  
    modules) that can be used in place of the old regex-based approach.  
   
  - Added 'peak.util.fmtparse', a parsing and formatting framework, and  
    integrated it with 'peak.model' so that any element type can have a  
    syntax for parsing from, or formatting to, a string.  
   
  - Added 'binding.whenAssembled(...)' as syntax sugar for  
    'binding.Once(...,activateUponAssembly=True)'.  
   
  - Removed 'LOG_XYZ' convenience functions from 'peak.api', and refactored  
    'peak.running.logs' to use a PEP 282-like interface, 'running.ILogger'.  
    Under the new scheme, messages must be sent to a specific entry point  
    (e.g. 'self.logger.warning("foo")').  Components can bind an attribute  
    directly to a logger object, or via configuration properties or utilities.  
    PEAK components that do logging all define a 'logger' attribute, bound  
    to a configuration property in the 'peak.logs' property namespace.  By  
    a default in 'peak.ini', 'peak.logs.*' is configured to output messages  
    of 'WARNING' priority or higher to 'sys.stderr'.  
   
    For compatibility with the PEP 282 logging package, a 'logging.logger:'  
    URL scheme has been added; looking up the URL '"logging.logger:foo.bar"'  
    is equivalent to 'logging.getLogger("foo.bar")', unless the 'logging'  
    package is not available, in which case the configuration property  
    'peak.logs.foo.bar' will be looked up in the target context of the  
    lookup.  Optionally, you can configure the 'logging.logger' URL scheme so  
    that it only uses PEAK loggers, and never uses the PEP 282 loggers.  
   
  - Added 'binding.metamethod()' wrapper for metaclass methods that might  
    not be accessible from their instances if the instances (classes) also  
    defined the method for *their* instances.  You must now use this wrapper  
    on any such metaclass-defined methods, as PEAK no longer works around  
    this via the 'x.__class__.foo(x,...)' trick that was used previously.  
    In particular, if you have metaclass definitions of 'getParentComponent',  
    '_getConfigData', 'getComponentName', or 'notifyUponAssembly', you need  
    to wrap them with 'binding.metamethod' now.  
   
  - Made 'NOT_GIVEN' and 'NOT_FOUND' recognizable by humans (they 'repr'  
    and 'str' to their names) and by Python (they can be pickled, and  
    when restored they come back as the same object).  
   
   
  Corrected Problems  
   
  - Fixed a problem in ZConfig 'schema.dtd'; I used 'PCDATA' where I should've  
    used 'CDATA'.  
   
  - Fixed a problem with 'binding.supertype()' not working correctly if the MRO  
    it was searching contained a "classic" class.  Now 'supertype()' skips any  
    classic classes it finds.  (It probably should be rewritten entirely.)  
   
  - Fixed misc. problems with 'fromZConfig()' component constructor  
   
  - Fixed source distributions missing essential setup files  
   
  - Fixed a problem with assembly events, where a parent component that didn't  
    need assembly notification, wouldn't ever notify its children of assembly  
    if they requested the notification after the parent had already received  
    it.  
   
  - Fixed a bug in automatic metaclass generation that caused extra unneeded  
    metaclasses to be generated.  
   
  - Fixed 'naming.lookup()' and related APIs not setting the parent component  
    of created objects without an explicitly supplied 'creationParent' keyword  
    argument.  This used to "sort of work" when we had implicit configuration  
    parents, but was broken when we went "all explicit" for 0.5 alpha 1.  
   
  - Fixed a problem where initializing single-valued immutable fields of  
   'peak.model' types did not perform type/value normalization.  
   
  - Fixed a problem where bindTo would use the attribute name as the  
    default value for a lookup, if the requested name/property/utility  
    was not found.  
   
  - Fixed 'mof2py' generator script not working  
   
  - Fixed model.Element not getting parent component set when passed as a  
    constructor argument.  
   
  - Fixed property/utility lookups not working correctly on model.*  
    objects.  
   
  - Fixed IndentedStream generating all-whitespace lines  
   


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